server_configuration

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server_configuration [2021/01/13 16:41] – davidserver_configuration [2025/04/02 09:56] (current) – [Basic Configuration] david
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-For the hosting of this wiki, my blog [[http://datablog.roman-halliday.com/|Rows Across The Lake]] and other things, I have a VM web host. +====== Server Configuration - Virtual Host ======
  
-====== Hosting Provider ======+For the hosting of this wiki, my blog [[http://datablog.roman-halliday.com/|Rows Across The Lake]] and other things, I have a VM web host. Inspired by my migration efforts, I'm documenting the changes and challenges for next time. 
 + 
 +Some useful notes from the first server are hidden away under [[server:initial_setup]] (access limited for security reasons). 
 + 
 +===== Hosting Provider =====
  
 The host I chose to use is use [[https://m.do.co/c/bb281f2fae53|DigitalOcean]] I've been using them for some years and I'm very happy with the service and pricing. They have many options and allow you to scale to your requirements including hosting in many geographic locations. The host I chose to use is use [[https://m.do.co/c/bb281f2fae53|DigitalOcean]] I've been using them for some years and I'm very happy with the service and pricing. They have many options and allow you to scale to your requirements including hosting in many geographic locations.
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 See: See:
  
-  * [[server_configuration:apache]] +  * [[server configuration:apache]] 
-  * [[server_configuration:firewall]] +  * [[server configuration:firewall]] 
-  * [[server_configuration:email]] +  * [[server configuration:email]] 
-  * [[server_configuration:cron]]+  * [[server configuration:cron]] 
 +  * [[server configuration:wiki]] 
 +  * [[server configuration:sftp]] 
 +  * [[server configuration:postgres]] 
 +  * [[server configuration:squid]] 
 + 
 +Also (for me): 
 +  * [[server configuration:video notes]]
  
 ====== Server Migration ====== ====== Server Migration ======
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 ==== Get configuration ==== ==== Get configuration ====
  
-Gollowing advice from:+Following advice from:
   * DigitalOcean Community Documentation: [[https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-migrate-linux-servers-part-1-system-preparation|How To Migrate Linux Servers Part 1 - System Preparation]]   * DigitalOcean Community Documentation: [[https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-migrate-linux-servers-part-1-system-preparation|How To Migrate Linux Servers Part 1 - System Preparation]]
  
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 # More # More
-service --status-all|more+service --status-all | more
 </code> </code>
  
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   * Backup old using a volume: [[https://www.digitalocean.com/docs/volumes/|DigitalOcean Volumes]]   * Backup old using a volume: [[https://www.digitalocean.com/docs/volumes/|DigitalOcean Volumes]]
   * Mount the volume: https://www.digitalocean.com/docs/volumes/how-to/mount/   * Mount the volume: https://www.digitalocean.com/docs/volumes/how-to/mount/
 +
 +**What's running**
 +<code bash>
 +sudo service --status-all
 +sudo ufw status
 +</code>
 +
 +<code bash>
 +################################################################################
 +# MySQL : Backup
 +################################################################################
 +mkdir -p ~/backups/mysql_dbs
 +
 +# Backup databases from MySQL
 +for DB_NAME in `echo "SHOW DATABASES;" | sudo mysql | grep -e '\|.*\|' | grep -v '^Database$'`; do echo "DB: ${DB_NAME}"; sudo mysqldump -u root "${DB_NAME}" > ~/backups/mysql_dbs/MySQL_DB-${DB_NAME}-`date +%F`.sql; done
 +
 +ll ~/backups/mysql_dbs
 +
 +################################################################################
 +# PostgreSQL : Backup
 +# https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/backup.html
 +################################################################################
 +# sudo -i -u postgres psql -c "SELECT datname FROM pg_database WHERE datname <> ALL ('{template0,template1,postgres}')" --tuples-only
 +# pg_dump dbname > dumpfile
 +
 +mkdir -p ~/backups/postgresql_dbs
 +
 +for DB_NAME in `sudo -i -u postgres psql -c "SELECT datname FROM pg_database WHERE datname <> ALL ('{template0,template1,postgres}')" --tuples-only` ; do echo "DB: ${DB_NAME}" ; sudo -i -u postgres pg_dump "${DB_NAME}" > ~/backups/postgresql_dbs/PostgreSQL_DB-${DB_NAME}-`date +%F`.sql; done
 +
 +ll ~/backups/postgresql_dbs
 +
 +################################################################################
 +# Backup Files (Digital Ocean Volume)
 +################################################################################
 +
 +cd /mnt/volume_lon1_01/
 +
 +# Suggested/my used locations to backup
 +sudo cp -r /home .
 +sudo cp -r /root .
 +sudo cp -r /etc/apache2 .
 +sudo cp -r /var/www .
 +sudo cp -r /etc/letsencrypt .
 +
 +# Unmount (so it can be mounted to new host)
 +sudo umount --verbose /mnt/volume_lon1_01
 +
 +</code>
 +
 +
  
 ===== New Environment ===== ===== New Environment =====
 ==== Create New Droplet ==== ==== Create New Droplet ====
 +
 +=== preconfigured droplet ===
  
 Saving time (haha) by using a WordPress preconfigured droplet: Saving time (haha) by using a WordPress preconfigured droplet:
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   * Install & configure: The WordPress One-Click Quickstart guide: https://do.co/34TfYn8#start   * Install & configure: The WordPress One-Click Quickstart guide: https://do.co/34TfYn8#start
  
 +=== Build from scratch ===
 +
 +  * https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-wordpress-on-ubuntu-22-04-with-a-lamp-stack
 +  * https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/initial-server-setup-with-ubuntu
 +  * https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-lamp-stack-on-ubuntu
 ==== Basic Configuration ==== ==== Basic Configuration ====
 As root As root
 <code bash> <code bash>
 +# create a user for me
 +adduser david
 +
 # Add my user to sudo # Add my user to sudo
 groupadd david sudo groupadd david sudo
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 <code bash> <code bash>
 # Update # Update
-sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade+sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade -y
 </code> </code>
- 
-==== SFTP ==== 
- 
-Basic SFTP was already available/configured in the box. I did have fun as my configuration in my client application was set to point to an IP rather than the hostname. 
- 
-Some related notes: 
-SFTP: https://linuxconfig.org/how-to-setup-sftp-server-on-ubuntu-20-04-focal-fossa-linux 
-https://www.howtogeek.com/50787/add-a-user-to-a-group-or-second-group-on-linux/ 
-https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-use-sftp-to-securely-transfer-files-with-a-remote-server 
-https://wordpress.org/support/topic/the-session-allows-sftp-connections-only/ 
- 
-Note, I'd added the user account to the group "sftp" which then made it specifically an ''sftp'' account and blocked it for ''ssh'' using the basic configuration. I got the error "the session allows sftp connections only" when trying to ''ssh''. Removing the account from the group fixed things. 
  
 <code bash> <code bash>
-# Craete sftp group and add user +# SSH Access - once user access is sorted 
-groupadd sftp +grep PermitRootLogin /etc/ssh/sshd_config
-usermod -a -G sftp david+
  
-# Restart SSH - 2 methods +sudo vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
-systemctl restart ssh +
-service ssh reload+
  
-# Remove user from group +# PermitRootLogin no
-gpasswd -d david sftp +
- +
-# View groups +
-groups david+
 </code> </code>
  
 +
 +==== SFTP ====
 +
 +Basic SFTP was already available/configured in the box. 
 ==== Firewall ==== ==== Firewall ====
  
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   * Ubuntu Documentation: [[https://ubuntu.com/server/docs/security-firewall|Ubuntu firewall]]   * Ubuntu Documentation: [[https://ubuntu.com/server/docs/security-firewall|Ubuntu firewall]]
  
-==== Configure Apache & WorPress ====+==== Postfix (email) ==== 
 +Mostly check notes under [[server_configuration:email|Mail Server]] 
 + 
 +Migrate Old mail data (after completing step 3 from the guide [[https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-and-configure-postfix-on-ubuntu-20-04#step-3-installing-the-mail-client-and-initializing-the-maildir-structure|Step 3 — Installing the Mail Client and Initializing the Maildir Structure]]) 
 +<code bash> 
 +################################################################################ 
 +# Email/postfix 
 +################################################################################ 
 +cd ~/ 
 + 
 +sudo cp -R /mnt/volume_lon1_01/david/Maildir/ ~/. 
 +sudo cp -R /mnt/volume_lon1_01/david/Mail ~/. 
 + 
 +sudo cp -R /mnt/volume_lon1_01/david/mbox ~/. 
 +sudo cp -R /mnt/volume_lon1_01/david/sent ~/. 
 + 
 +sudo chown -R david:david ~/. 
 + 
 +sudo apt-get install postfix 
 + 
 +"Internet Site" -> roman-halliday.com 
 + 
 +sudo ufw allow Postfix 
 +</code> 
 +==== Configure Apache & WordPress ====
  
 In general, follow scripts/prompts when first SSH into droplet. In general, follow scripts/prompts when first SSH into droplet.
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   * https://help.servmask.com/2018/10/27/how-to-increase-maximum-upload-file-size-in-wordpress/   * https://help.servmask.com/2018/10/27/how-to-increase-maximum-upload-file-size-in-wordpress/
  
-The two values need to be larger than the file size ''post_max_size'' and ''upload_max_filesize''. In the inteface, the value which is shown as the "Maximum upload" is (for some reason) ''post_max_size''.+The two values need to be larger than the file size ''post_max_size'' and ''upload_max_filesize''. 
 + 
 +In the interface, the value which is shown as the "Maximum upload" is (for some reason) ''post_max_size''. 
 + 
 +Edit the ''.htaccess'' file, under: ''/var/www/roman-halliday.com/datablog''
  
-Under: ''/var/www/roman-halliday.com/datablog'' +<file txt .htaccess>
-<file .htaccess>+
 php_value upload_max_filesize 256M php_value upload_max_filesize 256M
 php_value post_max_size 200M php_value post_max_size 200M
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 === Duplicator === === Duplicator ===
-I didn't use as it migrated all the WprdPress files and had some fun and games with registration:+I didn't use as it migrated all the WordPress files and had some fun and games with registration:
   * https://www.wpbeginner.com/wp-tutorials/how-to-move-wordpress-to-a-new-host-or-server-with-no-downtime/#setupduplicator   * https://www.wpbeginner.com/wp-tutorials/how-to-move-wordpress-to-a-new-host-or-server-with-no-downtime/#setupduplicator
   * https://snapcreek.com/duplicator/docs/quick-start/?   * https://snapcreek.com/duplicator/docs/quick-start/?
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